SGLT-2 and GLP-1 Medicines: How They Help Your Heart

Editor’s Note: SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are medicines approved by the FDA for adults with type 2 diabetes to help control blood sugar. 

Always talk to your doctor before using any medicine.

If you have diabetes and are concerned about heart disease, there’s hopeful news. Recent JAMA research highlights how SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists control blood sugar and improve heart health.

Why heart health matters for diabetes

• People with diabetes are more likely to have heart problems.

Study findings on these medicines

• Scientists reviewed 601 studies about these medicines in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Older adults

• SGLT-2 inhibitors lowered blood sugar less but helped reduce heart problems.
• GLP-1 receptor agonists lowered blood sugar more but didn’t help heart problems as much.

Men vs. women

• No big differences were found between men and women taking SGLT-2 and GLP-1 medicines.

Possible drawbacks

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

• Can increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious condition.
• May cause genital infections.
• Can lead to dehydration from frequent urination.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

• Can cause stomach issues like nausea and vomiting.
• Rarely, it can cause pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas).

In summary:  SGLT-2 and GLP-1 benefits vs. risks 

Benefits:

• Help lower blood sugar levels.
• SGLT-2 inhibitors may protect your heart and lower the risk of heart problems.
• GLP-1 receptor agonists can help with weight loss.

Risks:

• SGLT-2 inhibitors may cause dehydration, more infections, and rare but serious conditions like DKA.
• GLP-1 receptor agonists might cause nausea, vomiting, or, rarely, pancreatitis.

Your heart health is important.

Work with your doctor to find the care plan that fits your unique needs.

Always stay proactive and informed about what’s best for you.